In the United States there are two types of companies: Partnerships and Corporations.

A corporation is a legal entity organized in accordance with and fundamentally
regulated by state laws. Although there are differences between the applicable laws in
different states, the formation of a corporation is basically the same throughout the
country.

Partnerships are similar to corporations as long as they are considered transmitters and
are not subject to income tax at the corporate level, but the partners must pay income
tax based on the income of the partnership. Each state has its own corporate statutes,
generally based on uniform provisions, therefore, there is great homogeneity among
states on this issue.
The difference between the two lies in the extent to which the partners are responsible
for the obligations of the partnership.

Types of corporations:

• C corporations must pay income tax at the corporate level on a national level. If
  a corporation distributes dividends, either in cash or in kind, to its shareholders,
  those shareholders must also pay income tax.
• S Corporations does not pay taxes at the corporate level. Profits and losses are
  considered to “pass through” to shareholders, so they are the ones who must
  pay taxes on profits earned from the corporation whether or not they have
  received dividends from the corporation. An S corporation receives tax
  advantages only if it is registered in the United States and has 35 or fewer
  shareholders, none of whom may be a nonresident alien, another corporation,
  or, with some limitations, a trust. In addition, all shareholders must agree to form
  an S corporation, and the entity cannot issue more than one class of shares.

Types of partnerships:

• Limited Liability Companies (LLC): Most states recently have authorized the
  formation of LLCs. Although higher expenses are incurred in its organization, the
  LLC is very flexible and can be used to limit the liability of the owners to the same
  extent as a corporation, while for tax purposes it operates almost like a limited
  partnership.
• A general partnership results from the association of two or more persons or
  entities, in accordance with a contract, in order to jointly operate a business for
  mutual benefit. Each partner in a partnership is personally responsible for all
  debts and obligations of the partnership.

Buyusa.gov – Business Types (s. f.).
https://www.buyusa.gov/colombia/comohacernegociosconestadosunidos/tiposdeempresas/index.asp